To go to the first part: http://plin9k.ucoz.com/index/0-15

God is light:

The Talmud (Chagiga, ch. 2) analyzes the Hebrew word "choshech" that appears in Genesis 1:2 and explains that it means black fire, black energy, another kind of energy that we can not see. Two verses later, in Genesis 1:4, the Talmud explains that the same Hebrew word "choshech" - means darkness, i.e. the absence of light. As the light of the first day is different from the light of the sun and stars of the fourth day, so darkness in Gen. 1:2 is different also to that darkness in Gen. 1:4.

In the darkness of Gen. 1:2 we can perceive the presence of the adversary and his hosts, which are that black energy. The NT says "there is no darkness in God":

1Jo 1:5 And this is the message which we have heard from Him and declare to you, that God is light, and in Him is no darkness at all.

The same can be said in reference to the light of day one when compared to the astronomical light of day four, which includes the sun and the rest of the stars. Those two kinds of light are also different to the Light that God Himself is: "God is Light."

There was disorder produced by the adversary in Gen. 1:2. Order never arises from disorder spontaneously. There must be a guide to the system. Even the crystals of salt do not arise randomly, they arise because of the laws of nature created by God. Those laws of nature established by God guided the development of the world.

The information that we read in the Bible is not an old and out-to-date information; it is God's perfect Word. It is our understanding that faints.

As God is not the creator of disorder, he created everything perfect in Gen. 1:1, then the adversary rebelled against God. The presence of the adversary is stated with "darkness upon the deep". Then God needed to create a second heavens and earth, as "the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters". The two opposite forces are described there. We have here the six days of creation of our own second heavens and earth in which we are living now. Those are based on the same molecular biology and celestial bodies present on the first heavens and earth, the ones before the "tohu babohu" of Gen. 1:2, as we have seen that the Hebrew word "to create" is not used of them. A third heaven and earth is coming in the future with its own particular characteristics and order. No more night in that new heavens and earth:

Rev 21:25 And its gates may not be shut at all by day, for there shall be no night there.

Rev 22:5 And there will be no night there. And they need no lamp, or light of the sun; for the Lord God gives them light. And they will reign forever and ever.

No more need of the sun or of the moon:

Rev 21:23 And the city had no need of the sun, nor of the moon, that they might shine in it, for the glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.

No more the sea will be, also according to the book of Revelation:

Rev 21:1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth. For the first heaven and the first earth had passed away. And the sea no longer is.

There will be no more death:

Rev 21:4 And God will wipe away all tears from their eyes. And there will be no more death, nor mourning, nor crying out, nor will there be any more pain; for the first things passed away.

Today we are familiar with digital information, light signals on infrared laser light, in infrared light, or in visible red light. We know that the loss of signal in optical fiber is less than in copper wire. Signals in optical fibers degrade less, and lower power transmitters can be used instead of high voltage electrical transmitters, because no electricity is passed through optical fibers, and there is no fire hazard. With transatlantic fiber optic cables, you have a direct connection with no echoes. God is light, and He is the revealer of His Word. On a pulse of light, information is imprinted. Printing information on light is called today fiber optics: the sending of information through light.

Even energy is under the curse of the universe:

Science has shown that the "substanceless substance" of the energy can change into matter. Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2, originally was written by him in its constructive way as m=E/c^2, which tells us that energy can change into matter.

Only God is timeless. Even energy wears out inside our second heavens and earth, inside our second universe, as energy is also one of the created things of God, participant today also of the curse of all the creation.

If it is inside our universe under the curse and in "bondage", as here, time also really does pass, even through the fast light beams (300 million meters per second). Remember that the light of God is different than the light previously created and which God ordered to appear on day one of our second heavens and earth, and both are different to the light that appeared on the fourth day proceeding from the sun and the stars. There is a clear difference there. And again, it is the NT, the book of Revelation that corroborates that.

The theoretical temperature of quark confinement, when matter freezes out of the energy is 10.9 times 10 to the 12th power Kelvin degrees divided by (or the ratio to) the temperature of the universe today, 2.73 degrees. Opposite to that, the photosynthesis is the transformation of energy into matter under nice and mild temperature, so God’s biology contradicts the need of freezing temperatures to transform energy into matter. Time after time, we know that God brings the wisdom of the world unto nothing.

The amazing transformation of energy-light (photons) into matter-sugars (carbohydrates), with the addition of the gas CO₂ can be seen every day in the photosynthesis done by plants. I like to think that the photosynthesis must be also under the original formula of Einstein, m=E/c^2. His original formula was initially always written by Einstein in the constructive way, energy being condensed into mass or matter.

Day one of our heavens and earth:

The peculiar beginning of that ordering says: "There is evening and morning, day one."

However, for the second day it doesn't say "evening and morning, day two." Rather, it says "evening and morning, a second day." And then continues with this pattern of ennumeration: "a third day... a fourth day... a fifth day... the sixth day."

Only for the first day does the text use a different form, there is not used "first day," but instead "day one" ("Yom Echad"). There is a qualitative difference, as even Nachmanides says, between "one" and "first." The use of the word "one" is absolute, whereas the use of the word "first" is comparative.

As we have seen, "evening and morning" appears in the same style of wording during the six days. Why, as some suppose, needed God to wait for millennia, stalled on day one to continue with the second day?

Einstein wrote of time as being relative, but I don't know of any work of Einstein dealing with the creation of time. Einstein taught us that not only space and matter are dimensional, but also that time is a dimension. The same pattern in the use of "evening and morning" is preserved during the six days to keep us clear of the identity of those days, not different than the 24-hs days that we are living now.

There was a time span in Gen. 1:2, when the earth became "without form and void" ("tohu babohu"). But there was not a variable time span within those six days or between those days and our own 24-hs days.

It is not expressed as "the first day" but as "day one", because it was not really "the first day" of everything that exists in heavens and in earth. That was already done in Gen. 1:1, way far before this specific day one. "Day one" makes sense as being the beginning of a second series of account; i.e., "day one" stands for the beginning of the second heavens and earth.

"Evening and morning", the same 24 hours timing since day one until today:

There were six days of 24 hours each in Genesis 1. There is no significant difference between one day and the next in the seven days of Genesis chapter 1; all those days were days of 24 hours.

Genesis chapter 1 describes God's deeds to re-order a challenged and destroyed universe and earth.

In Psalms 90:4 King David says, "1000 years in Your (God's) sight are like a day that passes, a watch in the night." Time is different from the perspective of men than it is from the perspective of God the Creator. Also Peter describes the same reality in similar terms, when he says that one of our years for God is like 1,000 years. But Peter also, like David, inspired by God declares that 1,000 of our years are like one of his days. Is that a contradiction? No, that demonstrates that God is not subject at all to any kind of time or space:

2Pe 3:8 But, beloved, let not this one thing be hidden from you, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.

But in Genesis 1 it is clearly explained, and with different words when compared with the ones used in Ps. 90:4, that "the evening and the morning were one day", not one millennia or one reducing time-span.

Since the earth is the earth in Gen. 1:1, time is time from and for the earth’s perspective. Was it necessary, as some have said, a different "timing" from the first day on earth, and then a different time for the second day on earth and so on for the rest of the days mentioned in Genesis chapter 1?

Regarding the moon, is it any description of the astronauts that have been there as saying that their clocks did run differently there? When traveling, the human body after a little while adapts itself to the local time of a distant country. However, the watch (quartz or mechanic) still works at the same rhythm as before. The traveler only needs to adjust them to the new local time. Einstein’s relativity theory is in relation to the time of one location "in function" of another location, not in relation of the time itself running differently inside any of those locations.

The Israelites of the days of the Apocalypse:

That remnant of israelites faithful to the OT that they accept will be preserved by God in the awful days of the Apocalypse, the days of Revelation. The same book of Revelation indicates that many of them finally are going to believe in Christ Jesus as their Lord.

Wrongfully, the Midrash (Vayikra Rabba 29:1), an expansion of the Talmud, together with the Jewish Sages, states that Rosh Hashana commemorates the soul of Adam, and that the Six Days of Genesis are separate by long aeons of time. Such old Jewish tradition is wrong, both in the use of the expression the "soul of Adam" and also is wrong in differentiating between the days as if they were days-ages in the Genesis record of the first six days of our second heavens and earth. If a human opinion contradicts the Word of God, it is wrong, no matter how old that opinion may be. For example, the opinion of the Jewish leadership of the times of Jesus Christ (pharisees, saducees, scribes, herodians, priests, elders, etc.) was that he was not their Savior.

The universe is aging and expanding like a curtain; at its end it will be removed like an old garment, "shall vanish away like smoke":

Psa 104:2 covering Yourself with light as with a robe; and stretching out the heavens like a curtain.

Isa 40:22 It is He who sits on the circle of the earth, and its people are like grasshoppers; who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, and spreads them out like a tent to dwell in;

Psa 102:25 Of old You have laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the work of Your hands.

Psa 102:26 They shall perish, but You shall endure; yea, all of them shall become old like a garment; like a robe You shall change them, and they shall be changed

Isa 51:6 Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look on the earth beneath; for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall become old like a garment; and its inhabitants shall die in the same way. But My salvation shall be forever, and My righteousness shall not be broken.

The universe is expanding. That's the cosmology of the universe. And that mean it is expanding pushing out an enormous ocean of waters that are surrounding our universe. Outside our universe there is water, not an empty space. The figurative "abode of God" described in the OT is outside our universe over those waters that surround it: http://www.geocities.com/fdocc3/waterout.htm

I don’t know how the stretching effect of the expansion of the universe can be directly verified today, but long timings can perfectly fit inside Gen. 1:1 and 2, but not inside day one, and inside the rest of the first six days of our second heavens and earth.

Any dating system or antiquity for the universe, the earth and the living beings, proposed by humans is only human guessing. We know for the Bible that the universe is old, it is very old. A long time had already passed before the six days of Gen. chapter 1. That old time and the world that then was fits inside Gen. 1:1-2:

2Pe 3:5 For this is hidden from them by their willing it, that the heavens were of old, and the earth out of the water, and through water, being held together by the Word of God,

2Pe 3:6 through which the world that then was, being flooded by water, perished.

2Pe 3:7 But the present heavens and the earth being kept in store by the same Word, are being kept for fire until the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.

Some Conclusions:

The Jewish day is composed from "evening and morning". From evening, as the Jewish day starts after the sun goes down beyond the horizon, to morning. The Jewish idiom "evening and morning" that we see through the six days described in Genesis chapter 1 emphasizes a 24 hours day, we move on earth at 800 miles an hour as we rotate around to get the "evening and morning" out of one 24-hour day.

The flow of time in the Bible is totally in human terms. Adam and Eve lived 130 years before having children. Seth lived 105 years before having children, etc.

At the creation of man at the sixth day, the exact same words of "evening and morning" are used again, as they have been used through all the five days before. The same can be said if we are thinking of the sun from days 1 to 3, where even before the sun was "lighted on" again, the very same expression of "evening and morning" is also used.

At the seventh day, when God rests of His complete re-ordering and creation of our heavens and earth in which we live now, the expression "evening and morning" is not used.

The six days of creation for this second heavens and earth were literal.

This is not the first creation described in Gen. 1:1. There was an interval, a period of destruction in Gen. 1:2 before this six days of re-ordering.

Genesis chapter one is not a parable; it is a literal description of what happened before and since day one of the second heavens and earth, which are the ones on which we are living now. Those descriptions in Genesis are not human words of a mindset of old people; it is God's Word without time or space, God's Word which is eternal and truthful. No matter how old it may be. The writers wrote using their languages but with God's revelation behind them. That revelation of God is beyond time and space. The Author of the Bible was only God, the inspired writers were many.